The Saudi-Egyptian War (Kingdom of Egypt)

File:Placeholder

The Saudi-Egyptian War (Arabic: الحرب السعودية-المصرية Harb Masr-al Arrabiyah as-S'udiyyah'), or the Great Arab War (Arabic: الحرب العربية الكبرى Al-Harb Arrabiyah) by Arab nations; or the Great Holy War (Arabic: الحرب المقدسة العظمى) (Hebrew: מלחמת הקודש הגדול) by Christian/Muslim groups and Israeli/Palestinean citizens; was an all-out war fought between Saudi Arabia, the largest Arab state; and Egypt, the most populous Arab state, and Israel from 2018 to 2021. Egypt was determined to regain Jordanian territory it had lost against Saudi Arabia during the Battle of Aqaba in 2015. The war was mostly characterized by incursions on all land, air and sea. Nationalisms in both nations let to the determination to dethrone Israel as the Middle East's main power, but also led to strong national enmities between the two Arab states caused by the opposing ideologies of each one.

Armed hostilies began along the southern Aqaba region as a result of military interventions between the two nations' armies after violent religious altercations between soldiers and civilians. After Saudi Arabia conquered Yemen and Oman (who both fought with Egyptian aid), it became clear and obvious that war was imminent, even after Egypt and Saudi Arabia signed the Saudi-Egyptian Nonagression Acts. The war became official when Saudi Arabia and Israel initiated Operation Exodus-Hijra where Saudi Arabia mobilized for large-scale encounters on the battlefields while the Israelis conducted small-scale operations and raids.

The U.N. refused to mandate a cease-fire between the two Arab states, saying that both needed to resolve the situation between themselves before the U.N. could get involved.

Despite being Muslim by majority, the Egyptians threatened to shell Mecca and Jerusalem to the ground by firing rockets at both cities, prompting King Abdullah to surrender while Shlomo Peretz abandoned the Egyptian campaign. King Abdullah's decision to invade Iran and the destroy the Bahrain-Saudi bridge turned his allies against him, giving Egypt the larger favor. Because of Israel's involvement itself, the war is also called the Fifth Arab-Israeli Conflict (Arabic: الصراع العربي-الإسرائيلي الخامس) (Hebrew: הסכסוך הערבי-ישראלי החמישי).

Religion played a significant impact as to who supported which nation. Countries that were overtly Islamic sent support for Saudi Arabia for the sake of being the home of Islam; they included Bahrain, Qatar, Malaysia, Brunei and paramilitary groups such as the Mujahideen, which established the Arabian Power Army (Arabic: الجيش السلطة العربية) or the APA. Other Islamic groups dedicated to defending the utmost Muslim holy land like the Nation of Islam from the United States sent members to fight for in the APA. Overtly Christian nations such as the Vatican City and Italy sent members to fight for Israel. Like the Nation of Islam, devout Christian groups from southern United States and even Lebanon sent financial and even manpower support for Israel, forming the lesser group known as the New Crusade Army (Hebrew: צבא מסע צלב חדש Arabic: الجيش حملة صليبية جديدة) which included Israel itself. Nationalistic nations in North Africa opposed APA conquest and devoted themselves to helping Egypt; including Morocco, Libya and Sudan, three other large Arab states which composed of the North African League. The Janjaweed Army, a large Sudanese paramilitary force provided the Egyptians the backbone for turning the tide and repulsing the invasion. Russia and India were Egypt's biggest supporters, that stemmed from high cooperation between the nations. Russia had a long history of supporting the Egyptian military, sending various airlifts to southern Egypt and northern Sudan.

The war in many aspects was largely influenced by World War II and helped Egypt retain its status as the main power of the Middle East. Many Arab leaders admitted to adopting World War II tactics, characterized by nationalism, military buildups and conquest and even the use of snipers in the fierce battles of Alexandria, Cairo and Suez that demoralized the Saudis.

Background

The Second Arab Spring

In 2017, the Jeddah Incident and the 2018 Religious Riots in the United Arab Emirates between different religious groups initiated the Wahabist Nationalist Movement in Saudi Arabia. Tensions against different religious sections worsened in the largest Arab state and King Abdullah increased heavy taxes on people of different religions that weren't of his in Saudi Arabia, and endorsed de jure lynching against them. Many non-Muslim women in Saudi Arabia experienced enforced marriages to Wahabist attackers, forced conversion to Wahabism, religious background checks, enslavement to Wahabist families, deportation and loss of jobs unless converted to Wahabism, and matters of the sort. The Egyptian Cultural Revival of 2017 gave a distinct image on Egyptian Arabs. President Mahmoud Ibrahim funded these cultural revivals which praised the ancient cultures that thrived in Egypt, including the Ancient Egyptian culture, Greek and Hebrew culture, reviving their influence in Egypt. Both nations resurrected the old vengeful intentions of replacing Israel as the main military power in the Middle East and were also rich in oil refineries and abundance of gold and metals. In October 3, 2017, Egypt ended its reocognition of Israel as a state, and denounced Anwar el-Sadat for recognizing it as a legal state. Egypt and Saudi Arabia closed its oil exports to Israel and the United States. In Egypt, the nationalism grew with angry resentments towards Saudi Arabia. Sudan and Libya supported the Egyptian nationalism and embraced its influence. Despite sharing the goals of replacing Israel as the power in the Middle East, the Egyptians had no intent of uniting with Saudi Arabia and expressed public hatred for Saudi Arabia. Despite diplomatic attempts by President Ibrahim and still-Saudi Arabian king, Abdullah bin Abdulaziz to retain relations, this failed and economic cooperation between the two nations diminished.

Immigration Issues

Following the Great Expulsion of 2018; Egypt initiated the Hatshepsut Refugee Aid Program (HRAP), (Arabic: برنامج مساعدات اللاجئين حتشبسوت) which provided much aid for refugees escaping Saudi Arabia, granting these refugees Egyptian citizenship and allowed military personnel to escort escaping refugees from Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah sought U.N. help for a retaliation operation against Egypt. But the U.N. refused and told King Abdullah that these hostilities were to be solved between Ibrahim and himself before the United Nations could get involved. Saudi Arabia increased its hostilities and authorized Saudi troops to open fire on escaping refugees to Egypt. In Saudi Arabia, Egyptian citizens with visas were given a high tax, some even faced lynching. As a result, Egypt banned Saudi citizens altogether, who were deported back to Saudi Arabia. Many, even sent to Egyptian military prisons - forming the foundation for the boiling enmity between the two Arab states. Ibrahim resorted to more military solutions by allowing troops to open fire on Saudi soldiers who he considered to be "torturous" against helpless refugees. The HRAP also sent compensation funds for families affected by the deaths of those trying to escape to Egypt. King Abdullah openly called Ibrahim a "Satanic animal" and told every devout Muslim nation "never to give a cent to Egypt". The issues divided Islamic nations and organizations worldwide, attested by Pakistan, a strong supporter of Egypt and Malaysia, a strong supporter of Saudi Arabia.

2018 Border Hostilities

Armed hostilities between Egyptian and Saudi guard troops continued as more refugees fled to Egypt and Jordan. King Hussein bin Abdullah of Jordan reported to the Saudi Armed Forces a group of refugees in the city of Aqaba in southern Jordan near Israel. The refugees were taken by Egyptian rescue helicopters back to Cairo. Ibrahim claimed that King Hussain performed a treacherous act. He said, "We Egyptians and Jordanians stood together during the Battle of Aqaba. We lost, but we still stood together, now why is Jordan betraying us?". In the Saudi-Sinai border, four Egyptian soldiers and five Saudi soldiers got into a verbal scuffle, and eventually opened fire upon another. On September 2, 2018; four Saudi soldiers crossed into Egyptian territory, harassing and killing three Egyptian Christian soldiers while they were praying. They ran back to Saudi Arabia before Egyptian soldiers could catch them. The Egyptians responded by firing rockets at oil refineries in Saudi Arabia. President Shimon Peres of Israel scoffed at Egypt and called them "little boys who need to stop playing with rockets". On Ramadan of 2018, Egypt's destruction was included in the prayers of many Muslims in Saudi Arabia, Israel, Brunei and Malaysia and most Jews in Israel. At daylight, a hostile gunfight ensued between Egpytian and Saudi forces. On December 25, 2019, a small tent filled with Egyptian Christians celebrating Christmas was raided by Saudi troops. In response, the Egyptians shelled mosques in Saudi Arabia during prayer times. The next day, the Egyptians raided tents of Saudi troops while they were praying in the salat position. Highly concerned with the religious issue, President Ibrahim and King Abdullah signed a bilateral cease-fire in Jerusalem to end armed hostilities between the two. However, both leaders did very little to truly bring peace or understanding between the two Arab states.

Middle Eastern Arms Race

President Mahmoud Ibrahim flew to Moscow to negotiate a military trade alliance with Russia, an extended trade than what Russia had previously provided Egypt. Vladimir Putin had worked out a deal with Ibrahim, which got the 2018 Moscow Resolution signed which strengthened military alliances between Egypt and Russia. Egypt and Saudi Arabia also began funding nuclear programs in their countries. The United States was hesitant to support a nuclear program for Saudi Arabia at first, but Egypt had sent India, Russia and Pakistan barrels of Memphis oil in exchange for nuclear equipment, precious oil that was scheduled to be shipped to the United States and Israel. Egypt also signed the Egyptian-Syrian Nuclear Arms Trade Pact, allowing Egypt and Russia to build nuclear missile bases in Syria and Lebanon prompting the United States to send Saudi Arabia their nukes in an event known as the Syrian Missile Crisis, a Middle Eastern remnisiciant of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Egypt continued rigorous mining operations for natural resources and precious metals, sending their finds to India and Russia for more military equipment. Support for Israel in the United States skyrocketed in an attempt to dethrone Egypt and keep it from becoming "the" military power in the Middle East. Like Egypt and Russia; the Arabian nationas actually increased their oil trades with the United States in exchange for military equipment and the establishment of nuclear bases in Saudi Arabia. The Egyptian government adopted some tactics that the U.S. Army had during World War I and World War II, prompting women to join factories to help escalate the nation's military. In order to prevent Egypt from becoming too powerful, Saudi Arabia and Israel were forced to cooperate and sign the Jerusalem-Mecca Pact (Arabic: ميثاق القدس-مكة المكرمة Hebrew: ירושלים-מכה ברית), promising a security between the two nations and their commitment towards military containment of Egyptian power. It was also the first time ever that Israel and Saudi Arabia ever had a diplomatic relationship. Visits by King Abdullah and Shlomo Peretz to Jerusalem and Riyadh increased to solve the Egyptian issue. King Abdullah took his first step into Jerusalem on 2018. Since Mecca and Medina were highy religious cities unopen to other religious followers, Peretz could not visit. However, King Abdullah took Peretz for a helicopter ride over the vicinities of both cities where Peretz could gain access without actually stepping on Meccan or Medina soil. Because of Egypt and Saudi Arabia's constant arms race, Israel was pushed from becoming the main power in the Middle East to the third most powerful, but the first in the Levant. Increased financial aid from the United States did little to help Israel recover its position as the main power of the Middle East. The naval strengths of the three nations almost fell equal, Egypt slightly outnumbered Israel and Saudi Arabia. The Egyptian government used its amassing wealth to fund space programs to rival Saudi Arabia and Israel's. With help from Russia and Japan, the Egyptians were able to send Mahmoud Ibrahim to outer space, becoming the third Arab to do so and the first president and politican to do so. Two months later, he became the first Egyptian, Arab and president/politician to step on the moon. This prompted Saudi Arabia and Israel to try sending men to space, but their attempts failed; Shlomo Peretz was nearly killed and adandoned their mission.

Abdullah Religious Crisis

Although both Egypt and Saudi Arabia were Muslim nations by majority, yet Egypt had no state religion. After King Abdullah's expulsion of non-Wahabists and Fatwahists in his kingdom, he urged more Arab states to join him, including Egypt. The Egyptians strongly refused. The only thing Ibrahim said was, "Egypt is an Arab republic, not an Islamic republic. Yes, I am an Arab and and a Muslim and proud of it, I take my family on the hajj to Mecca every year. But there is by means no need to turn Egypt into a Wahabist state, that is beyond my goal and Egypt has been troubled enough by many things including religion itself."  After the bloody violence that became known as the Jihad Crisis of Cairo (Arabic: أزمة الجهاد من القاهرة), Ibrahim was forced to put Wahabist-supporters on military watch. After the Jihad Crisis of Alexandria, Ibrahim was forced to finally expel them from Egypt. King Abdullah banned Egyptian citizens from entering Mecca and referred to the Egyptians as enemies of Allah. Ibrahim also publicly proclaimed that all people of all religions are given equal rights as a citizen or a politican or a soldier. Ibrahim also sent Egyptian troops to Saudi Arabia to rescue detained non-Wahabists, which angered King Abdullah even more and threatened to declare war against Egypt. The Arabian king also declared war against other nations that he wanted to become Wahabi Islamic. King Abdullah threatened to invade the Philippines, Russia, China, East Timor and India if they didn't convert to Wahabism as their constitution. He funded attempted religious coups and riots in those nations. Presidents Abugay Santos, Vladimir Putin, Ju Jintao and Siktarshi Patil met in Manila to discuss the Abdullah issue. It was decided that diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia could no longer continue. The Quadrupalite Pacific-Indian Pact was signed in Manila which placed an emargo against Saudi Arabia. As a result, King Abdullah supported violent militant groups in Russia, China, India and Philippines. In par to the four countries; King Abdullah, King Khalifa and King al-Thani met in Doha in Qatar to discuss their retaliation embargo. The Tripolite Arabian Pact (Arabic: الميثاق العربي تريبوليتي) was signed, which banned citizens of the four nations for ever entering into the three Arabian countries.

Section heading

Write the second section of your page here.