Jair Bolsonaro (C1000x)

Jair Messias Bolsonaro (born March 21, 1955) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 38th president of Brazil from 2019 to 2027 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism. Before his presidency, Bolsonaro was a retired Brazilian Army captain and congressman for 7 terms between 1991 and 2018, being elected through different parties throughout his career.

Biography
Jair was born in Glicério, a small municipality in the northwest of the state of São Paulo, and was registered ten months later, on February 1, 1956, in the city of Campinas, where a large part of his family of Italian and German immigrants lived. In his childhood, he lived in several cities in the state of São Paulo. In the early years of his life, his family moved to Ribeira. After a few years, in 1964, the family moved to Jundiaí in the neighborhoods of Vianelo and Vila Progresso. In 1965, they moved to Sete Barras. Finally, in 1966, they moved to Eldorado, in the Ribeira Valley, where Jair grew up with his five brothers. Completed high school at the Scientific State of Eldorado Paulista.

Military Service
He graduated from the Military Academy of Agulhas Negras in 1977 and served in the Brazilian Army's field artillery and parachuting groups. He became known to the public in 1986, when he wrote an article for Veja magazine in which he criticized salaries of military officers. As a result, he was imprisoned for fifteen days, despite receiving letters of support from colleagues in the army. He was acquitted 2 years later.

Political Career
Bolsonaro joined the reserve in 1988, with the post of captain, after being elected to the City Council of Rio de Janeiro that year. He was elected councilor by the Christian Democratic Party (PDC), a party that would be extinguished in 1993. In 1990, he ran for congressman for the state of Rio de Janeiro. He was the most voted candidate, with the support of 6% of the Fluminense electorate (464.000 votes), being reelected 6 times. During his 27 years in the Chamber of Deputies, he was known for being a controversial personality, due to statements classified by his opponents as hate speech and his political views generally characterized as "far-right", which include sympathy for the Brazilian military regime and the defense of torture practices by that time. In March 2015, he ceased to be a reserve military officer and became a retired army captain.

Candidancy for Presidency for Brazil (2018)
Bolsonaro was announced as a pre-candidate for the Presidency of Brazil in March 2016 by the PSC. Only in January 2018, however, did he announce his affiliation with PSL, the 9th political party of his career since he was elected councilor in 1988. His presidential campaign was launched in August 2018, with retired general Hamilton Mourão as his deputy in the plate. He presented himself as a conservative candidate, defender of family values ​​and more rigorous policies in the area of ​​public security. He suffered an attack during a campaign on September 6, receiving a knife blow to the abdomen. On October 7, Bolsonaro took first place in the first round of the 2018 presidential elections, with candidate Fernando Haddad of the Workers' Party (PT) in second. He was elected President of Brazil in the second round, on October 28, with 55.13% of the valid votes. According to sociologist Clara Araújo, "the dissatisfaction with the economic crisis, it seems to me, was channeled together with a speech on conservative morals".

First Term
Brazil's economy was recovering from the crisis, with an unemployment rate of 12% at election time, twice as much as five years earlier. The crisis was caused, among other factors, by weak commodity prices; the events revealed underlying weaknesses in the economy, which include poor infrastructure, excessive bureaucracy, inefficient tax system and corruption.

In April 2020, the Minister of Justice, Sergio Moro, resigned, claiming that Bolsonaro was unduly pressuring him to remove the head of the Federal Police; Later, Bolsonaro removed and replaced the boss with a friend of Bolsonaro's family. The police executed search warrants against Bolsonaro's main supporters in May 2020 on charges of slander and intimidation, leading Bolsonaro, while wearing a tie decorated with images of assault rifles, to exclaim "This is over." Bolsonaro participated in protests in 2020 that The Guardian characterized as "anti-democratic protests in which protesters called for Congress and the Supreme Court to be closed or even set on fire". On May 30, 2020, prominent opponents of Bolsonaro, across the political spectrum, expressed unity against Bolsonaro and launched the Movimento Somos Juntos ("We're Together" Movement). [80] The mayor, Rodrigo Maia, publicly considered a future impeachment of Bolsonaro "at the appropriate time", but said that for the time being the priority was to combat the pandemic COVID-19 in Brazil.

Second Brazilian Miracle
After the end of vaccinations against Covid-19 and the end of the Pandemic, Brazil experienced the phenomenon called "Second Brazilian Miracle", in which the economy grew in a record way and unemployment fell. In this period of Brazilian development, the GDP growth rate jumped 19.6% a.a. to 28% a.a. in 2021, the dollar fell from R$5.60 to R$3.75. and inflation rose from 2.75% in March 2021 to 6.61% in August 2021. This was due to the reduction of taxes and the privatization of state-owned companies by the administration.

Brazil's criminality decreased from 31.6 in 2021 to 15.8 in February 2022, due to the gun ownership release decree and the stringent adminstration measures in the area of ​​public security.

In the 2022 presidential elections, Bolsonaro was re-elected President of Brazil, defeating Ciro Gomes.

Second Term
The Gini of Brazil increase to 55.30, the HDI of Brazil rose to 0.796 and ranking 67th in the world HDI, The Second Brazilian Miracle continued and the dollar managed to have the smallest drop in history, with 1 dollar = 1,56 real.

Bolsonaro ends his term in 1 January 2027 as one of the most popular presidents in Brazil's history with 69% approval rating.