21st century (Uncle ggrandpa's universe)

The 21st (twenty-first) century was a century of the Anno Domini era or Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2001, and ended on December 31, 2100.[1] It was the first century of the 3rd millennium. It is distinct from the century known as the 2000s which began on January 1, 2000, and ended on December 31, 2099.

The first years of the 21st century were marked by the rise of a global economy and Third World consumerism, mistrust in government, deepening global concern over terrorism and an increase in private enterprise. Effects of global warming and rising sea levels continued, with eight islands disappearing between 2007 and 2014. The Arab Spring of the early 2010s led to mixed outcomes in the Arab world. While most member states of the European Union introduced a common currency, the Euro, the United Kingdom voted in a referendum to leave the European Union: Brexit.

2000s

 * 1998–2002 – The Second Congo War continued into the early 21st century. A 1999 ceasefire quickly broke down and a UN peacekeeping mission, MONUC, was unable to control the fighting. Troops from Rwanda and Uganda continued to support rebel groups against the Democratic Republic of the Congo and rifts also grew between Rwanda and Uganda as they accused each other of supporting rival rebel groups as well. Laurent Kabila, president of the DRC, was assassinated in January 2001 and his son, Joseph Kabila, took power. Throughout 2002 steps were made towards peace and Rwanda and Uganda both removed their troops from the country. On December 17, 2002, a massive treaty officially ended the war. However, the DRC only holds power in less than half of the country, with most of the eastern and northern portions still controlled by rebel groups, where there is still significant infighting. In addition, Rwanda still supports anti-DRC rebels and anti-Rwandan rebels continue to operate from the DRC. The war killed an estimated 3.9 million people, displaced nearly 5.5 million, and led to a widespread and ongoing famine that continues to result in deaths.
 * 2001 – The Nepalese royal massacre occurred on June 1, 2001, at a house on the grounds of the Narayanhity Royal Palace, the residence of the Nepalese monarchy. Ten members of the family were killed during a party or monthly reunion dinner of the royal family in the house. The dead included King Birendra of Nepal and Queen Aishwarya.
 * 2001 – George W. Bush is inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States. He is the second president from the Bush family.
 * 2001 – Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo becomes the second woman President of the Philippines and the first to be the child of a previous President, Diosdado Macapagal.
 * 2001 – More than 200,000 anti-globalization protesters marched in Genoa, during the 27th G8 summit. Two demonstrators were killed by the Italian police. On July 21 a group of Carabinieri attacked the school Armando Diaz, seriously injuring many peaceful protesters. Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi insisted that police used the minimum amount of force necessary to achieve their goals.
 * 2001 – Nineteen al-Qaeda terrorists hijack four commercial airliners and crash two of them into the World Trade Center, one into the Pentagon and one into a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania of the United States on September 11, killing nearly 3,000 people. The United States subsequently declares the War on Terror.
 * 2001–2014 – The Northern Alliance and NATO-led ISAF invaded Afghanistan on October 7, 2001, and overthrew the Al-Qaeda-supportive Taliban government. Troops remained to install a democratic government, fight a slowly escalating insurgency, and to hunt for Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden who was killed by American troops nearly 10 years later, on May 2, 2011. On December 24, 2014 NATO forces officially ended combat operations in Afghanistan; but forces still remain to the present.
 * 2001 – The Netherlands become the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.
 * 2001 – After 15 years of negotiations, the People's Republic of China became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on December 11, 2001.
 * 2002 – The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established on July 1.


 * 2002 – Switzerland, a neutral country, becomes a member of the United Nations, on September 10.
 * 2002 – Jemaah Islamiyah, a violent Islamist group, claimed responsibility for the detonation of three bombs in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The attack killed 202 people and 209 people were injured.
 * 2002 – After a long period of occupation by Indonesia, East Timor's independence is recognized by Portugal and by the UN.
 * 2002 – Hu Jintao becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, making him the paramount leader of China after Jiang Zemin.
 * 2003–present – In February 2003, a conflict in Darfur, Sudan, began and soon escalated into full-scale war. By 2008 it was believed that up to 400,000 people had been killed and over 2.5 million displaced. In 2005, the ICC decided that Darfur war criminals would be tried, and on July 14, 2008, Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir was charged with 5 accounts of crimes against humanity and 2 accounts of war crimes, although the ICC has no power to enforce these charges.
 * 2003–2010 – The U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq on March 20, 2003, and overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein (who was executed by the Iraqi government on December 30, 2006). Coalition troops remain in the country to install a democratic government and fight an escalating insurgency. In addition to an insurgency against the American presence, Iraq also suffered from a civil war for several years. The war was soon seen as the central front of the War on Terror by many governments, despite growing international dissatisfaction with the war. The total death toll has been estimated at near 150,000 but these estimations are highly disputed, with one highly disputed study guessing even over 1 million.[39] After the U.S.-led coalition initiated a troop surge in 2007, casualty numbers have decreased significantly. Combat ended, at least officially, in August 2010.
 * 2003–2005 – A series of nonviolent revolutions known as the colour revolutions overthrew governments in Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, and Lebanon.
 * 2003 – Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi announced that Libya would voluntarily eliminate all weapons of mass destruction.
 * 2004 – Ten explosions occurred at the Cercanías commuter train system of Madrid, Spain, on the morning of March 11. The explosions killed 191 people and injured around 2,000.
 * 2004 – The European Union expanded by 10 countries (8 former communist countries, plus Malta and Cyprus).
 * 2004 – Former U.S. president Ronald Reagan dies at the age of 93 after suffering nearly a decade from the Alzheimer's disease.
 * 2004 – Palestinian leader and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization Yasser Arafat dies in France, at the age of 75 from hemorrhagic stroke.
 * 2004 – Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo gets re-elected as President of the Philippines, marking the first time that a woman was re-elected to the highest position in the country.
 * 2004 – Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage.
 * 2005 – Pope John Paul II dies and Joseph Ratzinger of Germany is elected as Pope Benedict XVI.
 * 2005 – Four Islamic extremist suicide bombers set off three bombs in London; 56 people were killed, including the four suicide bombers.
 * 2005 – Angela Merkel becomes the first female elected Chancellor of Germany.
 * 2006–2008 – The dismantling of former Yugoslavia continued after Montenegro gained independence on June 3, 2006, and Kosovo declared independence on February 17, 2008. However, Kosovo's independence was disputed by Russia and many of its allies and was only partially recognized.
 * 2006 – On July 12, Hezbollah crossed the border of Lebanon and captured two Israeli soldiers. Israel responded by sending troops across the border and bombing Hezbollah strongholds, while Hezbollah fired missiles on towns in northern Israel, approximately 6 each day. At the end of the war 1,200 Lebanese civilians, 500 Hezbollah fighteres, 44 Israeli civilians and 121 Israeli soldiers died. A ceasefire was signed on August 14, after which Israeli troops withdrew from Lebanon.
 * 2006 – North Korea conducted its first nuclear test on October 9.[40] This was preceded by years of political wrangling with the U.S. over the status of their nuclear program.
 * 2007–2008 – Nepal's centuries-old monarchy is overthrown, and the country becomes a republic.
 * 2007 – Bulgaria and Romania join the European Union.
 * 2007 – A civil war escalated in the Gaza Strip throughout June, which resulted in Hamas eventually driving most Fatah-loyal forces from the Strip. In reaction, Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas dismissed Hamas prime minister Ismail Haniyeh and dissolved the Hamas-ruled parliament. Scattered conflict continues.


 * 2007 – Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman to be elected President of India.
 * 2007–2008 – Crisis follows the Kenyan presidential election of 2007, leading to the formation of a coalition government, with Mwai Kibaki as president and Raila Odinga as prime minister.
 * 2007 – On December 13th, 27 EU member states signed the Treaty of Lisbon, and entered into force on December 1, 2009.
 * 2008 – Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia. Serbia refuses to recognize it and considers Kosovo as part of its territory.
 * 2008 – An armed conflict broke out in August 2008 between Georgia on one side, and the Russian Federation together with Ossetians and Abkhazians on the other. Russia officially recognized independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
 * 2008 - Some cardes of Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) attacked Senior leader of Nepali Congress, Bal Chandra Poudel, during an electoral period in Rasuwa, Nepal.
 * 2008 – Barack Obama was elected as the first African-American President of the United States. He was sworn into office in January 2009. He is awarded the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, which cited "his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples," and accepted the award the following year with "deep gratitude and great humility".
 * 2009 – Filipina politician and the first female President of the Philippines and in Asia Corazon Aquino dies at the age of 76.
 * 2009 – A protest begins in Iran, after a presidential election against Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

2010s

 * 2010 – Julia Gillard becomes the first female Prime Minister of Australia.
 * 2010 – Kamla Persad-Bissessar becomes the first female Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago.[41][42]
 * 2010 – Benigno Simeon Aquino III is the first bachelor President of the Philippines and the second to be the child of a previous president.
 * 2010 – Polish President Lech Kaczyński dies in the April 2010 crash near the city of Smolensk, Russia, along with 95 other people on board.
 * 2010 – Burmese opposition leader and 1991 Nobel Peace Prize awardee Aung San Suu Kyi is released from her house arrest after being incarcerated since 1989.
 * 2010 – The Arab Spring, a revolutionary wave which began in Tunisia on 17 December, spread throughout the Middle Eastern countries, with protests, demonstrations, riots and civil wars for free elections and human rights.
 * 2011 – Anders Behring Breivik carries out terrorist attacks, the first being a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central Oslo, the second being a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya. It was the deadliest attack in Norway since the Second World War, with 77 people killed and 319 injuries.
 * 2011 – On May 2, al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, who was responsible for the development of the plans for the 9/11 attacks, is killed in a raid on his compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan by the U.S. Navy's SEAL Team 6 (DEVGRU).
 * 2011 – Britain's largest tabloid newspaper, the News of the World, shuts down after 168 years in print due to the 2009 phone hacking scandal.
 * 2011 – Dilma Rousseff is elected as the first female President of Brazil. She served as the President until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016.
 * 2011 – On July 14, South Sudan, after the January 2011 independence referendum, becomes a member of the United Nations.
 * 2011 - In September, the Occupy movement, an international protest movement against social and economic inequality, takes shape. It's partially inspired by the Arab Spring and is one of the first significant global protest movements to occur in the age of social media.
 * 2011 – On October 20, deposed dictator Muammar Gaddafi was captured and killed by the National Liberation Army of Libya, during Libyan Civil War.
 * 2011 – On December 15, the Iraq War was declared formally over.
 * 2011 – Kim Jong-il, the supreme leader of North Korea, dies on December 17. His son Kim Jong-un takes power in the country.
 * 2012 – Xi Jinping becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, making him the paramount leader of China after Hu Jintao.
 * 2012 – In Benghazi, Libya, an attack was coordinated against two United States government facilities by members of the Islamic militant group Ansar al-Sharia on September 11.


 * 2012 – A civil unrest broke out in Romania in January 2012, because of the introduction of a new health reform legislation, but also by the unpopularity of Băsescu-backed Boc government. The unrest continued until Victor Ponta's resignation in November 2015, in the wake of the Colectiv nightclub fire.
 * 2013 – France intervenes with its army in the Northern Mali conflict defeating the Islamists who had taken control of the country.
 * 2013 – Pope Benedict XVI resigns on February 28, becoming the first pope to step down since 1415. Benedict takes the title pope emeritus. At the subsequent papal conclave, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina is elected pope on March 13, becoming the first Latin American pope. Bergoglio takes the name of Pope Francis.
 * 2013 – Park Geun-hye is elected President of South Korea, the first woman to hold the position.
 * 2013 – President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez dies due to prostate cancer and is replaced by Nicolás Maduro.
 * 2013 – Convicted Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan puts an end to the armed revolt against Turkey.
 * 2013 – British politician and the first female Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher dies at the age of 87 from a stroke.
 * 2013 – Séléka rebels seize power in the Central African Republic, ousting the President and government and beginning a civil war.
 * 2013 – Iran allows international inspections on its nuclear policy in exchange of the removal of the sanctions and the right to produce a small amount of low-grade enriched uranium, thus marking an apparent new policy towards the United Nations under Hassan Rohani's presidency.
 * 2013 – Syria avoids an American intervention on its soil during the Syrian Civil War, accepting to destroy all chemical weapons stocks owned.
 * 2013 – Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.
 * 2013 – China unilaterally declares an "Air Defense Identification Zone" in the East China Sea, including over the Senkaku Islands, a group of islands held by Japan, but claimed by both Japan and China, and the Socotra Rock, claimed by both China and South Korea.
 * 2013 – South African political and civil leader Nelson Mandela died at the age of 95 from natural causes.
 * 2013 – The South Sudanese Civil War breaks out.
 * 2013–2014 – A political crisis in Thailand breaks out and the government declares martial law later.
 * 2014 – Narendra Modi became 14th Prime Minister of India with clear majority in the election.
 * 2014 – Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovich is ousted amidst the Euromaidan revolution. Then Russian Federation annexed Crimea, and "low intensity" war in Donbass started between the Ukrainian government and Russian-backed separatists. Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, a civilian commercial aircraft, is shot down in pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory in Eastern Ukraine, on July 17.
 * 2014 – During the Syrian civil war, the terrorist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant rises and seizes territories in northern Iraq and Syria, near the border with Turkey. The United States lead a coalition of more than 30 countries to destroy ISIL. Meanwhile, Russia lead a coalition, with Syria, Iraq and Iran, and Russia's military action begins on September 30, 2015.
 * 2014 – Scotland, with the 2014 independence referendum, decides to remain part of the United Kingdom.
 * 2014 – Israel, In July 2014 tensions rose again between Hamas in the Gaza Strip and the State of Israel, Hamas fired hundreds of missiles into civilian cities in Israel, the IDF retaliated and conducted airstrikes on the Gaza Strip for more than a month, Casualties were high on both sides.
 * 2014 – In Burkina Faso, President Blaise Compaoré resigns amidst widespread protests ending 27 years of leadership.
 * 2014 – In Romania, Klaus Iohannis won the November 2014 election, becoming the first Romanian president to come from an ethnic minority.
 * 2014 – On December 17, U.S. President Barack Obama and Cuban President Raúl Castro announced the beginning of a process of normalizing relations between Cuba and the United States, ending a 54-year stretch of hostility between the nations. Meanwhile, on July 20, 2015, with full diplomatic relations, the embassies of both countries were opened after five decades.
 * 2015 – Two gunmen, brothers Saïd and Chérif Kouachi, commit a mass murder at the offices of Charlie Hebdo in Paris, on January 7, killing 12 people. Following the attack, about two million people, including more than 40 world leaders, met in Paris for a rally of national unity, and 3.7 million people joined demonstrations across the country. The phrase Je suis Charlie became a common slogan of support at the rallies and in social media.
 * 2015 – Singaporean politician and the 1st Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew dies at the age of 91.
 * 2015 – In China, the Communist Party announces the end of One-child policy after 35 years.
 * 2015 – The Supreme Court of the United States, in Obergefell v. Hodges, determines that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
 * 2015 – During the ongoing European migrant crisis, Germany became the first final destination of choice for refugees and asylum seekers entering the EU. The country took in over 1 million refugees.
 * 2015 – Iran and P5+1 (China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US + Germany), agree on final provisions of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in regards to the latter's nuclear program.
 * 2015 – ISIL claimed responsibility of the shootings and suicide bombs in Paris on November 13, which became known as the November 2015 Paris attacks. Many were killed and injured from the incident.
 * 2015 – Turkey shoots down a Russian Sukhoi Su-24M attack aircraft on 24 November. This was the first case of a NATO member destroying a Russian aircraft since the attack on the Sui-ho Dam (during the Korean War).
 * 2015 – During the UN summit on Climate Change, 193 nations agree a process to reduce carbon emissions starting in 2020.
 * 2016 – Rodrigo Duterte becomes the first Mindanaoan President of the Philippines, the first local chief executive to get elected straight to the presidency, the fourth visayan to be the President after Sergio Osmeña, Manuel Roxas and Carlos P. Garcia, and the oldest person ever elected to the presidency.
 * 2016 – In Orlando, Florida, Omar Mateen, a 29-year-old security guard, killed 49 people and wounded 53 others in a terrorist attack inside Pulse, a gay nightclub.
 * 2016 – The United Kingdom, with the June 2016 membership referendum, decides to leave the European Union.
 * 2016 – After 6 years of leadership, UK politician and Prime Minister David Cameron resigns and is replaced by Theresa May.
 * 2016 – Hillary Clinton becomes the Democratic Party's nominee for president of the United States, making her the first woman to be nominated for president by a major party.
 * 2016 – A coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions, including, but not limited to the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, on July 15. The attempt was carried out by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces that organized themselves as the Peace at Home Council.
 * 2016 – On September 2, the 1st President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov dies at age of 78, after 25 years of leadership.
 * 2016 – Israeli politician, former president of Israel and 1994 Nobel Peace Prize awardee Shimon Peres dies at the age of 93 from a massive stroke.
 * 2016 – Thai longest-reigning monarch Bhumibol Adulyadej dies at the age of 88 from a long illness.
 * 2016 – Donald Trump is elected as the 45th President of the United States. The first without a military or political background, and the oldest person elected to a first term. He is sworn into office in January 2017.
 * 2016 – Cuban political and revolutionary leader Fidel Castro dies at the age of 90.
 * 2016 – On December 19, Andrei Karlov, the Russian Ambassador to Turkey, was killed by Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, a Turkish police officer.
 * 2016 – On December 19, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the 2016 Berlin attack in Germany. 12 people were killed and 49 others injured.


 * 2017 – In opposition to Donald Trump's inauguration, millions of people in the U.S. and worldwide join the Women's March.
 * 2017 – U.S. President Donald Trump signs an executive order on January 27, 2017, restricting travel and immigration from seven Muslim-majority countries. This order was blocked by the U.S. federal courts; a second, related order issued by Trump was also blocked by the federal courts. The block of second order was partially removed, by the Supreme Court, in June. The Supreme Court stated they would reconsider the order in October.
 * 2017 – On April 6, in response to a suspected chemical weapons attack on a rebel-held town, the U.S. military launches 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles at Shayrat Airbase in Syria.
 * 2017 – A terrorist drives into more than 100 people in Barcelona and Cambrils, Catalonia killing 13 and injuring many.
 * 2017 – Catalonia declares independence from Spain, but the Catalan Republic is not recognised by the Spanish government or any other sovereign nation.
 * 2018 – On January 13, a miscommunication during a routine test of the Emergency Alert System in Hawaii causes a false alert warning of an incoming ballistic missile to be issued over television, radio, and cellphones across the entire state. The message read, "BALLISTIC MISSILE THREAT INBOUND TO HAWAII. SEEK IMMEDIATE SHELTER. THIS IS NOT A DRILL."
 * 2018 – Paula-Mae Weekes becomes the first female President of Trinidad and Tobago on the 19th of March.
 * 2018 – In over 900 cities internationally, people participate in demonstrations against gun violence and mass shootings, calling for stronger gun control in the March for Our Lives, which was a student-led demonstration in response to the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida that took place on February 14th.
 * 2018 – President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un meet for the first time for the 2018 North Korea–United States summit in Singapore.
 * 2018 – Jair Bolsonaro is elected as the 38th President of Brazil, the first military since 1985. Bolsonaro was stabbed during the election campaign and underwent three surgeries.
 * 2019 – On January 10, Venezuela enters into a presidential crisis after the disputed results of the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election leads to Juan Guaidó being declared the acting president, opposing Nicolás Maduro.
 * 2019 – President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un meet for the 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit in Vietnam.
 * 2019 – In March, the Islamic State terror organization's territory in Syria collapses amidst the Syrian Civil War. After years of global push back, the extremist group transitions from a proto-state into an insurgency as it retains offshoots and influence in regions across the globe.
 * 2019 -

2020s

 * 2020 –  The Coronavirus pandemic that started in China causes a global and severe disruption all around the world.
 * 2020 -
 * 2021 –
 * 2023 - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and the commonwealth countries, passes away in March after 71 years of rule, her son Charles, Prince of Wales becomes the King immediately following her death, and at age 74 becomes the oldest person in British history to assume the throne.
 * 2023 -
 * 2023 -
 * 2023 -
 * 2024 -
 * 2029 -
 * 2029 -

2030s

 * 2032 - Following the 2032 U.S. Presidential elections, Nikki Haley is elected President of the United States, becoming the first woman to hold that position.


 * 2034 -, officially ending the United Kingdom

2040s

 * 2040 - Charles III of England abdicates his position on the throne, becoming the first English monarch to do so in over 100 years


 * 2040 - Chinese President Xi Jinping dies suddenly of a Stroke at age 87 while on a state visit in Russia
 * 2045


 * 2049 -

2050s

 * 2056 -

2090s

 * 2090

2010s

 * 2017
 * 2017
 * 2017
 * 2017
 * 2018 - Polio was eradicated
 * 2018
 * 2018
 * 2018
 * 2018
 * 2018
 * 2018
 * 2018
 * 2018

2020s

 * 2020 -
 * 2020 -
 * 2020 -
 * 2020 -
 * 2020 -


 * Flag of East Timor.svg East Timor (Timor-Leste) on May 20, 2002.
 * Flag of Montenegro.png Montenegro on June 3, 2006
 * Flag of Serbia.png Serbia on June 3, 2006
 * Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png South Sudan on July 9, 2011
 * Flag of Scotland.png Scotland on March 25, 2025
 * Flag of Catalonia.svg Catalan Republic on November 2, 2027
 * Flag of Wales.svg Welsh Confederation on May 31, 2034
 * Download (3).png Unified Korean Republic on 2042
 * Vlag van Vlaanderen.svg Flanders on April 7, 2045
 * Flag of Eupen-Malmedy.png Eupen-Malmedy on April 7, 2045
 * Flag of Brussels.png Brussels on April 7, 2045
 * [[FIle: Flag of Quebec.svg|25px]] Quebec on March 4, 2050
 * [[file: African_Union_flag.svg|25px]] United African Union on September 17, 2053
 * Flag of the Republic of China.png Republic of China on January 1, 2069
 * Flag of Tibet.svg.png Tibet on January 1, 2069
 * Flag of United Manchuria.png Manchuria on April 20, 2069
 * Flag of Hong Kong.svg Republic of Hong Kong on July 1, 2070
 * [[Image: Flag of East Turkestan.png|25px]] Xinjiang on February 28, 2072
 * Federation of Greenland on November 5, 2097
 * Flag of Texas.svg 2nd Republic of Texas on January 1, 2100

Space exploration

 * 2001 – Dennis Tito becomes the first space tourist by paying $19 million to board the International Space Station.
 * 2003 – Space Shuttle Columbia disaster February 1.
 * 2003 – The Chinese space program launches its first manned space flight, Shenzhou 5, on October 15. This made China the third country in the world to have indigenous manned space capability.
 * 2004 – Mars Exploration Rovers land on Mars; Opportunity discovers evidence that an area of Mars was once covered in water.
 * 2004 – SpaceShipOne makes the first privately funded human spaceflight, June 21.
 * 2005 – The Huygens probe lands on Titan, the largest of Saturn's moons, January 14.
 * 2006 – The New Horizons probe is launched to Pluto, on January 19.
 * 2006 – Pluto is reclassified from a planet to a dwarf planet, leaving the solar system with eight planets.
 * 2007 – China launches its first lunar mission with the Chang'e 1, on October 24.
 * 2008 – Chinese space program launches its third manned space flight carrying its first three-person crew and conducts its first spacewalk that makes China the third nation after Russia and USA to do that, Shenzhou 7, on September 25.
 * 2008 – Phoenix discovers water ice on Mars.
 * 2009 – Iran launches its first satellite, Omid, on February 2.
 * 2009 – The Indian Space Research Organisation discovers water on the Moon.
 * 2011 – NASA retires the last Space Shuttle, Atlantis, marking an end to its three-decade shuttle program.
 * 2012 – The 50th successful launch in a row for the European launcher Ariane 5, on August 2.
 * 2012 – SpaceX successfully delivers cargo to the International Space Station.
 * 2012 – NASA successfully lands the Curiosity rover on the surface of Mars.
 * 2014 – India's Mars Orbiter Mission, the nation's first attempt to send a spacecraft to Mars, successfully entered orbit on September 24, making India the fourth nation in the world to reach that goal.
 * 2014 – The European Space Agency robotic spacecraft Philae landed successfully on the comet 67P, the first cometary landing ever.
 * 2015 – On July 14, NASA's New Horizons spacecraft became the first to fly by Pluto, on a mission to photograph and collect data on its planetary system. No other spacecraft has yet performed such a mission so far from Earth.
 * 2015 – On September 28, NASA announces that liquid water has been found on Mars.
 * 2016 – On July 4, NASA's Juno space probe maneuvered into a polar orbit to study the planet Jupiter.
 * 2017 – Seven Earth-sized exoplanets are discovered around TRAPPIST-1, three of which are potentially habitable.
 * 2017 – SpaceX launches SES-10 on a re-used first stage, becoming the first re-flight of an orbital-class booster.
 * 2019 – New Horizons performs a flyby of 486958 Arrokoth, the most distant object to be visited by a spacecraft.
 * 2019 – Chinese probe Chang'e 4 becomes the first human-made object to land on the far side of the Moon.
 * 2019 – NASA concludes the 15-year Opportunity rover mission after being unable to wake the rover from hibernation.
 * 2019 – Israel launched its first spacecraft, Beresheet, towards the Moon on April 7; after two months of journey, the spacecraft failed to land and crashed on the surface of the Moon, what made Israel the seventh country to successfully orbit the Moon.
 * 2019 – The first image of the supermassive black hole inside galaxy Messier 87 was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope.
 * 2024 –
 * 2036 –
 * 2039 –

Physics

 * 2003 – WMAP observations of the cosmic microwave background.
 * 2010 – The Large Hadron Collider's first high energy collisions took place in March 2010.
 * 2012 – Physicists discover the Higgs boson based on collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. It is the last particle of the Standard Model to be discovered.
 * 2013 – A more detailed study of the cosmic microwave background done by the Planck Surveyor is published, estimating the age of the Universe to 13.8 billion years old (100 million years older than previously thought).
 * 2016 – LIGO announces the discovery of bursts of gravitational waves generated by cosmic collisions of black holes.

Mathematics

 * 2002 – Grigori Perelman posted the first of a series of eprints to the arXiv, in which he proved the Poincaré conjecture, the first of the Millennium Prize Problems to be solved.

Biotechnology and medicine

 * 2003 – Completion of the Human Genome Project
 * 2003 – Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) spreads around the globe.
 * 2005 – The first successful partial face transplant is performed in France.
 * 2006 – Australian of the Year Dr Ian Frazer develops a vaccine for cervical cancer.
 * 2007 – Visual prosthetic (bionic eye) Argus II.
 * 2008 – Japanese scientists create a form of artificial DNA.
 * 2008 – Laurent Lantieri performs the first full face transplant.
 * 2009 – Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 spreads around the globe.
 * 2012 – The first successful complete face transplant is performed in Turkey.
 * 2012 – Doubts raised over Statin medication.
 * 2013 – First kidney grown in vitro in the U.S.
 * 2013 – First human liver grown from stem cells in Japan.
 * 2014 – Ebola virus spreads in west Africa, prompting the largest ever epidemic, with more than 20,000 cases. The first cases outside Africa are reported.
 * 2016 – The Zika virus, caused by mosquitoes, targets unborn babies, causing birth defects on newborns making some pregnant women afraid of traveling overseas.
 * 2020 – the Wuhan coronavirus

Telecommunications
The Digital Revolution continued into the early 21st century with mobile usage and Internet access growing massively, becoming available to more people and with more applications and faster speeds.

Social networking emerged in the late 2000s as a popular social communication, largely replacing much of the function of email, message boards and instant messaging services. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Snapchat are all major examples of social media to gain widespread popularity. The use of webcams and front-facing cameras on PCs and related devices, and services such as Skype and FaceTime, have made video calling and video conferencing widespread.

Natural disasters
2000s 2010s
 * 2001 Gujarat earthquake – An earthquake in Gujarat, India on January 26, 2001 killed approximately 20,000 people.
 * January 2001 El Salvador earthquake – A 7.9 earthquake in El Salvador shook the whole country on January 13, 2001, causing a major devastating landslide, hundreds dead, thousands injured and many homeless. A month later, on February 13, 2001 the country suffered a second earthquake – 6.7
 * 2003 European heat wave – Approximately 30,000 people were killed across Europe in a summer long heat wave.
 * 2003 Bam earthquake – An earthquake in Bam, Iran on December 27, 2003, killed more than 26,000.
 * 2004 Hurricane Jeanne – Over 3,000 people are killed by Hurricane Jeanne in Haiti in September 2004.
 * 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami – On December 26, 2004, a massive undersea earthquake resulted in a massive tsunami striking southeast Asia killing approximately 230,000.
 * 2005 Hurricane Katrina – The hurricane killed 1,836 in southeast Louisiana and Mississippi (mostly in New Orleans) and South Florida. A significant portion of the city, most of which sits below sea level, was submerged. Damages reached US$81.5 billion, making Katrina the costliest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the U.S.
 * 2005 Kashmir earthquake – An earthquake in Kashmir on October 8, 2005, killed at least 74,500 in India and Pakistan.
 * 2008 Cyclone Nargis – lead to catastrophic storm surge, leading to a death toll in excess of 100,000 and making millions homeless.
 * 2008 Sichuan earthquake – An earthquake between 7.9 and 8.0-magnitude struck Sichuan, China, on May 12, 2008, killing 68,712, with 17,921 missing.
 * 2009 Black Saturday bushfires – The Black Saturday bushfires were a series of bushfires that ignited or were burning across the Australian state of Victoria, Australia on and around Saturday, February 7, 2009. The fires occurred during extreme bushfire-weather conditions and resulted in Australia's highest ever loss of life from a bushfire; 173 people died and 414 were injured.
 * 2009 L'Aquila earthquake – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila (Italy) on April 6, 2009, one of the worst in Italian history. 308 were pronounced dead and more than 65,000 were made homeless.
 * 2009 flu pandemic – A worldwide outbreak of Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 spread around the world forming a pandemic by June 2009.


 * 2010 Haiti earthquake – At least 230,000 are killed in Haiti after a massive earthquake on January 12, 2010. As of late February 2010, the death toll is expected to rise. Three million people were made homeless.
 * 2010 Chile earthquake – A massive earthquake, magnitude 8.8, strikes the central Chilean coast on February 27, 2010.
 * 2010 Yushu earthquake – A large 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Yushu region of China in Qinghai near Tibet, on April 14, 2010, killing over 2,200 people.
 * 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull – A massive ash cloud is formed by the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, on April 14, 2010, grounding flights across northwest Europe. Scientists began recording volcanic activity there in 2009 which increased through March 2010 culminating in the second phase eruption in April.
 * 2010 Pakistan floods – Began in July 2010 after record heavy monsoon rains. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan was worst affected. At least 1,600 people were killed, thousands were rendered homeless, and more than thirteen million people were affected. Estimates from rescue service officials suggest the death toll may reach 3,000 victims.
 * 2011 Queensland floods – Began in December 2010 primarily in Queensland. The flood causes thousands of people to evacuate. At least 200,000 people were affected by the flood. The flood continued throughout January 2011 in Queensland, and the estimated reduction in Australia's GDP is about A$30 billion.
 * Cyclone Yasi – A category 5 (Australian Scale) cyclone hits North Queensland with winds as strong as 290 km/hr (197 miles/hr) and devastates the residents of North Queensland.
 * February 2011 Christchurch earthquake – 185 people died in New Zealand after a 6.3-magnitude earthquake hit Christchurch on February 22, 2011, making it New Zealand's second-deadliest natural disaster after the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake.
 * 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami – On March 11, 2011, a catastrophic undersea earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred offshore of eastern Japan, the greatest in the country's history and created a massive tsunami which killed 15,894; it also triggered the Fukushima I nuclear accidents. The overall cost for the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear accidents reached up to US$235 billion, making it the costliest natural disaster on record.
 * 2011 Super Outbreak – Regarded as the deadliest tornado outbreak ever recorded and dubbed the 2011 Super Outbreak, a catastrophic tornado outbreak on April 25–28 affected the Southern United States and killed over 330 people, most of whom were in or from Alabama. Damages are expected to be near or over $10 billion.
 * 2011 Joplin tornado – On May 22, 2011, a devastating EF5 tornado struck Joplin, Missouri resulting in 159 casualties, making it the deadliest tornado to hit the United States since 1947.
 * Tropical Storm Washi – Locally known as Sendong, it caused catastrophic flooding in the Philippine island of Mindanao on the night of December 16, 2011. The hardest hits were in Cagayan de Oro and Iligan City. Almost 1000 people perished, most of whom were sleeping, and President Benigno Aquino III declared a state of calamity four days later.
 * Hurricane Sandy – October 24–30, 2012 – kills at least 185 people in the Caribbean, Bahamas, United States and Canada. Considerable storm surge damage causes major disruption to the eastern seaboard of the United States.
 * Typhoon Haiyan 2013 – kills more than 6,000 people in central Philippines. Considered to be one of the strongest storms ever, it brought major damage and loss of life to the Philippines, especially the islands of Leyte and Samar. A worldwide humanitarian effort began in the aftermath of the typhoon.
 * 2014 Southeast Europe floods – kill at least 80 people in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. Floodwaters caused over 2,000 landslides across the Balkan region, spreading damage across many towns and villages.
 * April 2015 Nepal earthquake – An earthquake of 7.8 magnitude kills almost 9,000 people, injures another 22,000 and leaves nearly 3 million people homeless in Central Nepal. The earthquake was so strong it was felt in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
 * 2016 Taiwan earthquake – An earthquake of 6.4 magnitude kills 117 people, injures 550, and 4 people were left missing. The earthquake resulted in 3 executives of the Weiguan developer being arrested under charges of professional negligence resulting in death.
 * August 2016 Central Italy earthquake - A 6.2 magnitude earthquake killed 299 people and severely damaged Amatrice, Accumoli and Arquata del Tronto.

Man-made disasters



 * On July 27, 2002, a Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes at an air show in Ukraine, killing 77 and injuring more than 100, making it the worst air show disaster in history.
 * On February 1, 2003, at the conclusion of the STS-107 mission, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during reentry over Texas, killing all seven astronauts on board.
 * The Black Saturday bushfires – the deadliest bushfires in Australian history took place across the Australian state of Victoria on February 7, 2009 during extreme bushfire-weather conditions, resulting in 173 people killed, more than 500 injured, and around 7,500 homeless. The fires came after Melbourne recorded the highest-ever temperature (46.4 °C, 115 °F) of any capital city in Australia. The majority of the fires were ignited by either fallen or clashing power lines or deliberately lit.
 * On April 10, 2010, Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife and 94 other people, including dozens of government officials, are killed in a plane crash.
 * On April 20, 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig, operating in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, left eleven crewmen dead and resulted in a fire that sank the rig and caused a massive-scale oil spill that may become one of the worst environmental disasters in United States history. On June 18, 2010 oceanographer John Kessler said that the crude gushing from the well contains 40 percent methane, compared to about 5 percent found in typical oil deposits. Methane is a natural gas that could potentially suffocate marine life and create "dead zones" where oxygen is so depleted that nothing lives. "This is the most vigorous methane eruption in modern human history," Kessler said. On June 20 an internal BP document was released by Congress revealing that BP estimated the flow could be as much as 100000 oilbbl per day under the circumstances that existed since the April 20 blowout.

Civil unrest

 * Anti-globalization protests in Prague
 * 2001 G8 Genoa summit protests
 * December 2001 riots in Argentina
 * Protests against the Iraq War
 * 2004–2005 Orange Revolution in Ukraine
 * 2005 civil unrest in France
 * 2007 Georgian demonstrations
 * 2008 Tibetan unrest
 * 2009 Icelandic financial crisis protests
 * Tea Party protests
 * 2009 G-20 London summit protests
 * 2009–2010 Iranian election protests
 * 2010 G-20 Toronto summit protests
 * 2010 UK student protests
 * 2010–2011 Greek protests
 * Arab Spring
 * Tunisian revolution
 * 2011 Egyptian revolution
 * 2011 Egyptian Post-Revolution protests
 * Impact of the Arab Spring
 * 2011 Iranian protests
 * 2011 Libyan civil war
 * Syrian civil war
 * 2011 United Kingdom anti-austerity protests
 * 2011 London anti-cuts protest
 * Anti-austerity movement in Portugal
 * Spanish "Indignants"
 * 2011 England riots
 * 2011 Chilean protests
 * 2011 Israeli social justice protests
 * 15 October 2011 global protests
 * Worldwide "Occupy" Protests
 * 2011–2013 Russian protests
 * Bersih 3.0 rally
 * 2012 Catalan independence demonstration
 * Yo Soy 132
 * 2012–13 Iraqi protests
 * Gezi Park protests
 * 2013 protests in Brazil
 * 2013 Egyptian coup d'état
 * Catalan Way
 * 2013–2014 Thai political crisis
 * Euromaidan
 * 2013 Italian social protests
 * 2014 Ukrainian Revolution
 * 2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Venezuelan protests (2014–present)
 * 2014 Pakistan anti-government protest
 * 2014 Ferguson unrest
 * 2014 Hong Kong protests
 * 2015 Baltimore protests
 * 2015 Lebanese protests
 * Protests against Donald Trump
 * Nuit debout
 * 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
 * 2016–17 South Korean protests
 * Dakota Access Pipeline protests
 * 2017 Russian protests
 * 2017 Brazilian general strike
 * 2017 Catalan general strike
 * Unite the Right rally
 * 2017–2019 Honduran protests
 * 2018–2019 Nicaraguan protests
 * 2018–19 Iraqi protests
 * Yellow vests movement
 * Serbian protests (2018–present)
 * Sudanese Revolution
 * Extinction Rebellion protests
 * 2019 Haitian protests
 * 2019 Algerian protests
 * 2019-20 Hong Kong protests
 * 2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt
 * 2019 Amhara Region coup d'état attempt
 * 2019 Papua protests
 * 2019 Egyptian protests
 * 2019 Ecuadorian protests
 * 2024 United States presidential election results protests
 * Protests against Jared Polis's inauguration
 * 2031-33 Economic Meltdown Riots

Natural disasters
2000s 2010s
 * 2001 Gujarat earthquake – An earthquake in Gujarat, India on January 26, 2001 killed approximately 20,000 people.
 * January 2001 El Salvador earthquake – A 7.9 earthquake in El Salvador shook the whole country on January 13, 2001, causing a major devastating landslide, hundreds dead, thousands injured and many homeless. A month later, on February 13, 2001 the country suffered a second earthquake – 6.7
 * 2003 European heat wave – Approximately 30,000 people were killed across Europe in a summer long heat wave.
 * 2003 Bam earthquake – An earthquake in Bam, Iran on December 27, 2003, killed more than 26,000.
 * 2004 Hurricane Jeanne – Over 3,000 people are killed by Hurricane Jeanne in Haiti in September 2004.
 * 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami – On December 26, 2004, a massive undersea earthquake resulted in a massive tsunami striking southeast Asia killing approximately 230,000.
 * 2005 Hurricane Katrina – The hurricane killed 1,836 in southeast Louisiana and Mississippi (mostly in New Orleans) and South Florida. A significant portion of the city, most of which sits below sea level, was submerged. Damages reached US$81.5 billion, making Katrina the costliest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the U.S.
 * 2005 Kashmir earthquake – An earthquake in Kashmir on October 8, 2005, killed at least 74,500 in India and Pakistan.
 * 2008 Cyclone Nargis – lead to catastrophic storm surge, leading to a death toll in excess of 100,000 and making millions homeless.
 * 2008 Sichuan earthquake – An earthquake between 7.9 and 8.0-magnitude struck Sichuan, China, on May 12, 2008, killing 68,712, with 17,921 missing.
 * 2009 Black Saturday bushfires – The Black Saturday bushfires were a series of bushfires that ignited or were burning across the Australian state of Victoria, Australia on and around Saturday, February 7, 2009. The fires occurred during extreme bushfire-weather conditions and resulted in Australia's highest ever loss of life from a bushfire; 173 people died and 414 were injured.
 * 2009 L'Aquila earthquake – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila (Italy) on April 6, 2009, one of the worst in Italian history. 308 were pronounced dead and more than 65,000 were made homeless.
 * 2009 flu pandemic – A worldwide outbreak of Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 spread around the world forming a pandemic by June 2009.

2020s
 * 2010 Haiti earthquake – At least 230,000 are killed in Haiti after a massive earthquake on January 12, 2010. As of late February 2010, the death toll is expected to rise. Three million people were made homeless.
 * 2010 Chile earthquake – A massive earthquake, magnitude 8.8, strikes the central Chilean coast on February 27, 2010.
 * 2010 Yushu earthquake – A large 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Yushu region of China in Qinghai near Tibet, on April 14, 2010, killing over 2,200 people.
 * 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull – A massive ash cloud is formed by the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, on April 14, 2010, grounding flights across northwest Europe. Scientists began recording volcanic activity there in 2009 which increased through March 2010 culminating in the second phase eruption in April.
 * 2010 Pakistan floods – Began in July 2010 after record heavy monsoon rains. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan was worst affected. At least 1,600 people were killed, thousands were rendered homeless, and more than thirteen million people were affected. Estimates from rescue service officials suggest the death toll may reach 3,000 victims.
 * 2011 Queensland floods – Began in December 2010 primarily in Queensland. The flood causes thousands of people to evacuate. At least 200,000 people were affected by the flood. The flood continued throughout January 2011 in Queensland, and the estimated reduction in Australia's GDP is about A$30 billion.
 * Cyclone Yasi – A category 5 (Australian Scale) cyclone hits North Queensland with winds as strong as 290 km/hr (197 miles/hr) and devastates the residents of North Queensland.
 * February 2011 Christchurch earthquake – 185 people died in New Zealand after a 6.3-magnitude earthquake hit Christchurch on February 22, 2011, making it New Zealand's second-deadliest natural disaster after the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake.
 * 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami – On March 11, 2011, a catastrophic undersea earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred offshore of eastern Japan, the greatest in the country's history and created a massive tsunami which killed 15,894; it also triggered the Fukushima I nuclear accidents. The overall cost for the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear accidents reached up to US$235 billion, making it the costliest natural disaster on record.
 * 2011 Super Outbreak – Regarded as the deadliest tornado outbreak ever recorded and dubbed the 2011 Super Outbreak, a catastrophic tornado outbreak on April 25–28 affected the Southern United States and killed over 330 people, most of whom were in or from Alabama. Damages are expected to be near or over $10 billion.
 * 2011 Joplin tornado – On May 22, 2011, a devastating EF5 tornado struck Joplin, Missouri resulting in 159 casualties, making it the deadliest tornado to hit the United States since 1947.
 * Tropical Storm Washi – Locally known as Sendong, it caused catastrophic flooding in the Philippine island of Mindanao on the night of December 16, 2011. The hardest hits were in Cagayan de Oro and Iligan City. Almost 1000 people perished, most of whom were sleeping, and President Benigno Aquino III declared a state of calamity four days later.
 * Hurricane Sandy – October 24–30, 2012 – kills at least 185 people in the Caribbean, Bahamas, United States and Canada. Considerable storm surge damage causes major disruption to the eastern seaboard of the United States.
 * Typhoon Haiyan 2013 – kills more than 6,000 people in central Philippines. Considered to be one of the strongest storms ever, it brought major damage and loss of life to the Philippines, especially the islands of Leyte and Samar. A worldwide humanitarian effort began in the aftermath of the typhoon.
 * 2014 Southeast Europe floods – kill at least 80 people in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. Floodwaters caused over 2,000 landslides across the Balkan region, spreading damage across many towns and villages.
 * April 2015 Nepal earthquake – An earthquake of 7.8 magnitude kills almost 9,000 people, injures another 22,000 and leaves nearly 3 million people homeless in Central Nepal. The earthquake was so strong it was felt in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
 * 2016 Taiwan earthquake – An earthquake of 6.4 magnitude kills 117 people, injures 550, and 4 people were left missing. The earthquake resulted in 3 executives of the Weiguan developer being arrested under charges of professional negligence resulting in death.
 * August 2016 Central Italy earthquake - A 6.2 magnitude earthquake killed 299 people and severely damaged Amatrice, Accumoli and Arquata del Tronto.
 * The outbreak of a new Coronavirus disease, first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, spreads about the world, resulting in a pandemic.

Man-made disasters



 * On July 27, 2002, a Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes at an air show in Ukraine, killing 77 and injuring more than 100, making it the worst air show disaster in history.
 * On February 1, 2003, at the conclusion of the STS-107 mission, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during reentry over Texas, killing all seven astronauts on board.
 * The Black Saturday bushfires – the deadliest bushfires in Australian history took place across the Australian state of Victoria on February 7, 2009 during extreme bushfire-weather conditions, resulting in 173 people killed, more than 500 injured, and around 7,500 homeless. The fires came after Melbourne recorded the highest-ever temperature (46.4 °C, 115 °F) of any capital city in Australia. The majority of the fires were ignited by either fallen or clashing power lines or deliberately lit.
 * On April 10, 2010, Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife and 94 other people, including dozens of government officials, are killed in a plane crash.
 * On April 20, 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig, operating in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, left eleven crewmen dead and resulted in a fire that sank the rig and caused a massive-scale oil spill that may become one of the worst environmental disasters in United States history. On June 18, 2010 oceanographer John Kessler said that the crude gushing from the well contains 40 percent methane, compared to about 5 percent found in typical oil deposits. Methane is a natural gas that could potentially suffocate marine life and create "dead zones" where oxygen is so depleted that nothing lives. "This is the most vigorous methane eruption in modern human history," Kessler said. On June 20 an internal BP document was released by Congress revealing that BP estimated the flow could be as much as 100000 oilbbl per day under the circumstances that existed since the April 20 blowout.

Modern Olympic Games

 * 2002 Winter Olympics were held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
 * 2004 Summer Olympics were held in Athens, Greece.
 * 2006 Winter Olympics were held in Turin, Italy.
 * 2008 Summer Olympics were held in Beijing, China.
 * 2010 Winter Olympics were held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
 * 2010 Summer Youth Olympics were held in Singapore.
 * 2012 Winter Youth Olympics were held in Innsbruck, Austria.
 * 2012 Summer Olympics were held in London, United Kingdom.
 * 2014 Winter Olympics were held in Sochi, Russia.
 * 2014 Summer Youth Olympics were held in Nanjing, China.
 * 2016 Winter Youth Olympics were held in Lillehammer, Norway.
 * 2016 Summer Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – the first time in a South American nation.
 * 2018 Winter Olympics were held in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
 * 2018 Summer Youth Olympics were held in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 * 2020 Winter Youth Olympics were held in Lausanne, Switzerland.
 * 2020 Summer Olympics were held in Tokyo, Japan.
 * 2022 Winter Olympics were held in Beijing, China.
 * 2024 Summer Olympics were held in Paris, France.
 * 2026 Winter Olympics were held in Milan-Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.
 * 2028 Summer Olympics were held in Los Angeles, California, United States.
 * 2030 Winter Olympics were held in Düsseldorf, Germany
 * 2032 Summer Olympics were held in Mumbai, India
 * 2034 Winter Olympics were held in Almaty, Kazakhstan
 * 2036 Summer Olympics were held in Brisbane, Australia
 * 2038 Winter Olympics were held in Kraków, Poland
 * 2040 Summer Olympics were held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
 * 2042 Winter Olympics were held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
 * 2044 Summer Olympics were held in Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * 2046 Winter Olympics were held in Reykjavík, Iceland
 * 2048 Summer Olympics were held in Cairo, Egypt - the first time in an African nation.
 * 2050 Winter Olympics were held in Lausanne, Switzerland
 * 2052 Summer Olympics were held in Jerusalem, Israel
 * 2054 Winter Olympics were held in Glasgow, Scotland
 * 2056 Summer Olympics were held in Lyon, France
 * 2058 Winter Olympics were held in Seoul-Pyongyang, United Korea
 * 2060 Summer Olympics were held in London, England
 * 2062 Winter Olympics were held in Nashville, Tennessee, United States
 * 2072 Summer Olympics were held in Barcelona, Catalonia
 * 2074 Winter Olympics were held in Bangkok, Thailand
 * 2076 Summer Olympics were held in Washington D.C., United States
 * 2078 Winter Olympics were held in Hiroshima, Japan
 * 2080 Summer Olympics were held in Berlin, Germany or Lagos, United Africa
 * 2082 Winter Olympics were held in Brussels, Flanders
 * 2084 Summer Olympics were held in Cardiff, Wales or Edinburgh, Scotland
 * 2086 Winter Olympics were held in Paris, France
 * 2088 Summer Olympics were held in Mexico City, Mexico
 * 2090 Winter Olympics were held in Guangzhou, China
 * 2092 Summer Olympics were held in Orlando, Florida, United States
 * 2094 Winter Olympics were held in Lillehammer, Norway.
 * 2096 Summer Olympics were held in Athens, Greece
 * 2098 Winter Olympics were held in Minneapoli-Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
 * 2100 Summer Olympics were held in Singapore and Hong Kong - the first time in two nations

Association football
Portugal vs Morocco match during the 2018 World Cup in Russia
 * 2002 FIFA World Cup was held in South Korea and Japan – the first Asian countries to hold this tournament – and won by Brazil.
 * 2006 FIFA World Cup was held in Germany and won by Italy.
 * 2010 FIFA World Cup was held in South Africa – the first African nation to hold this tournament – and won by Spain for the first time.
 * 2014 FIFA World Cup was held in Brazil and won by Germany.
 * 2018 FIFA World Cup was held in Russia – the first Eastern European country to hold this tournament – and won by France.
 * 2022 FIFA World Cup was held in Qatar – the first Middle Eastern country to hold this tournament – and won by the Netherlands
 * 2026 FIFA World Cup was held in the United States, Mexico and Canada – the first time three nations hosted this tournament – and won by the United States
 * 2030 FIFA World Cup was held in Morocco and won by Spain
 * 2034 FIFA World Cup was held in Spain, Portugal and Catalonia and won by Germany
 * 2038 FIFA World Cup was held in China and won by Kazakhstan
 * 2042 FIFA World Cup was held in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland – the first time four nations hosted this tournament – and won by Nigeria
 * 2046 FIFA World Cup was held in Brazil and won by Canada
 * 2050 FIFA World Cup was held in Singapore and won by Russia
 * 2054 FIFA World Cup was held in and won by Korea
 * 2058 FIFA World Cup was held in Denmark and won by Finland
 * 2062 FIFA World Cup was held in Egypt and won by Poland
 * 2070 FIFA World Cup was held in Chile and won by Argentina
 * 2074 FIFA World Cup was held in Kazakhstan and won by
 * 2082 FIFA World Cup was held in Quebec and won by the United States
 * 2086 FIFA World Cup was held in
 * 2090 FIFA World Cup was held in Scotland and won by Greenland
 * 2094 FIFA World Cup was held in the United States and won by Flanders
 * 2098 FIFA World Cup was held in Tibet and won by Saskatchewan

Arts

 * Art:21 - Art in the 21st Century (2001-2018), a PBS series

Music


At the beginning of the century, the compact disk was the standard form of music media, but alternative forms of music media started to take it place such as music downloading and online streaming. A slight resurgence in vinyl records started to take place in the second decade of the 21st century.

Issues and concerns

 * Global warming. Climate scientists have reached a consensus that the earth is undergoing significant anthropogenic (human-induced) global warming. The resulting economic and ecological costs are hard to predict. Some scientists argue that human-induced global warming risks considerable losses in biodiversity and ecosystem services unless considerable sociopolitical changes are introduced, particularly in patterns of mass consumption and transportation.
 * Globalization. Advances in telecommunications and transportation, the expansion of capitalism and democracy since the late 1980s, and free trade agreements have resulted in unprecedented global economic and cultural integration. Most economists believe free trade leads to economic growth and benefits most people, including small businesses. In recent years however there has been a backlash against globalization and a return to protectionist attitudes among some leaders and nations, most notably United States President Donald Trump and the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union.
 * Population. The world's population demographics will shift considerably in this century, with the population of Europe and East Asia to decline considerably and the population of Africa and to a lesser extent South Asia to grow considerably. The United Nations estimates that world population will reach 9.8 billion by the year 2050. Most of this growth will take place in the world's poorer countries, which may slow down the global reduction of poverty and combined with the effects of global warming may lead to large migrations.
 * Poverty. Poverty remains the root cause of many of the world's other ills, including famine, disease, and insufficient education. Poverty contains many self-reinforcing elements (for instance, poverty can make education an unaffordable luxury, which tends to result in continuing poverty) that various aid groups hope to rectify in this century. Immense progress has been made in reducing poverty, especially in China and India but increasingly in Africa as well. Microcredit lending has also started to gain a profile as a useful anti-poverty tool.
 * Overpopulation. The United Nations estimates that world population will reach 9.2 billion by mid-century. Such growth raises questions of ecological sustainability and creates many economic and political disruptions. In response, many countries have adopted policies which either force or encourage their citizens to have fewer children, and others have limited immigration. Considerable debate exists over what the ultimate carrying capacity of the planet may be; whether or not population growth containment policies are necessary; to what degree growth can safely occur thanks to increased economic and ecological efficiency; and how distribution mechanisms should accommodate demographic shifts. Many developed countries (most notably Japan) will experience population decline, and the population debate is strongly tied with discussions about the distribution of wealth.
 * Disease. AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria each kill over a million people annually. HIV remains without a cure or vaccine, and while new cases are declining it remains a major problem, especially for women. Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for organisms such as tuberculosis. Other diseases, such as SARS, ebola, the Zika virus and flu variations, are also causes for concern. The World Health Organization has warned of a possible coming flu pandemic resulting from bird flu mutations. In 2009, there was an outbreak of swine flu whose country of origin is still unknown.World nuclear weapons.png were owned by Russia and the United States. ]]
 * War and terrorism. Although war and terror have declined so far in the early 21st century, active conflicts continue around the world, such as the Syrian Civil War, the Yemeni Civil War and the War in Afghanistan. The 9/11 terrorist attacks triggered invasions of Afghanistan and partially and controversially Iraq. The War on Terror has seen controversies over civil liberties, accusations of torture, continued terrorist attacks and ongoing instability, violence, and military occupation. Violence continues in the Arab–Israeli conflict. Considerable concern remains about nuclear proliferation, especially in Iran and North Korea, and the availability of weapons of mass destruction to rogue groups.
 * War on drugs. Increasingly, the legal, social and military battle led by governments against drug cartels around the world show little results in ending drug trading and consumption, and a constant increase in the lives taken from this struggle. Notably, after 2006 in the Mexican Drug War, more than 100,000 human lives have been lost to this conflict. Some jurisdictions have enacted some degree of legalization or decriminalization of some kinds of drugs, notably including several U.S. states legalizing marijuana either for recreational or medical use.
 * Intellectual property. The increasing popularity of digital formats for entertainment media such as movies and music, and the ease of copying and distributing it via the Internet and peer-to-peer networks, has raised concerns in the media industry about copyright infringement. Much debate is proceeding about the proper bounds between protection of copyright, trademark and patent rights versus fair use and the public domain, where some argue that such laws have shifted greatly towards intellectual property owners and away from the interests of the general public in recent years, while others say that such legal change is needed to deal with a perceived threat of new technologies against the rights of authors and artists (or, as others put it, against the outmoded business models of the current entertainment industry). Domain name "cybersquatting" and access to patented drugs and generics to combat epidemics in third-world countries are other IP concerns.
 * Technology developments continue to change society. Communications and control technology continues to augment the intelligence of individual humans, collections of humans, and machines. Some, notably Ray Kurzweil, have predicted that by the middle of the century there will be a technological singularity if artificial intelligence that outsmarts humans is created. In addition, some economists have expressed concerns over technological unemployment.World laws pertaining to homosexual relationships and expression.svg}}]]
 * Civil rights, including women's rights, LGBT rights, racial equality and the rights of disabled and neurodiverse people are still a work in progress. Women are not able to realize or are outright denied their rights in many countries, including India, China and Saudi Arabia, and sexual violence against women is still an enormous problem everywhere in the world. Sex-selective abortion has reduced the number of women born worldwide since 1990, mostly because of son preference in China, India, Pakistan, Vietnam, South Korea and some other smaller countries. In many countries attitudes towards homosexuality have become more tolerant. Same-sex marriage was legalized in several jurisdictions during the first two decades of the century, but outlawed by constitutional amendment in other places. Meanwhile, some countries such as Uganda and Russia moved to toughen their laws against any sort of homosexual behavior or expression. Political battles over pro- or anti-gay legislation provoked much activism in the streets and on the Internet. Hate groups remain a serious problem, and ethnic minorities have a lower status in many countries, including the United States. Neurological conditions such as autism are slowly becoming more understood and recognized.

List of the long central solar eclipses

 * Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009, total of 6 min 38.8 s, saros 136.
 * Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010, annular of 11 min 08 s, saros 141. The longest of the century, and also of the entire millennium.
 * Solar eclipse of August 2, 2027, total of 6 min 23 s, saros 136.
 * Solar eclipse of January 26, 2028, annular of 10 min 27 s, saros 141.
 * Solar eclipse of August 12, 2045, total of 6 min 06 s, saros 136.
 * Solar eclipse of February 5, 2046, annular of 9 min 42 s, saros 141.
 * Solar eclipse of August 24, 2063, of 5 min 49 s, saros 136.
 * Solar eclipse of February 17, 2064, annular of 8 min 56 s, saros 141.
 * Solar eclipse of May 11, 2078, total of 5 min 40 s, saros 139.
 * Solar eclipse of November 4, 2078, annular of 8 min 29 s, saros 144.
 * Solar eclipse of May 22, 2096, total of 6 min 07 s, saros 139.
 * Solar eclipse of November 15, 2096, annular of 8 min 53 s, saros 144.

Other phenomena

 * 2004: Transit of Venus.
 * December 23, 2007: grand conjunction, a galactic conjunction which happens every 26,000 years.
 * 2009: Triple conjunction Jupiter–Neptune.
 * 2012: Transit of Venus.
 * November 11, 2019: Transit of Mercury.
 * April 13, 2029: The asteroid 99942 Apophis (previously better known by its provisional designation 2004 MN4) will pass within 30,000 km (18,600 mi) of the Earth.
 * July 21, 2061: Next return of Halley's Comet.
 * 2063: Triple conjunction Mars-Uranus.
 * November 11, 2065: Transit of Mercury.
 * November 22, 2065: At 12:45 UTC, Venus will occult Jupiter. This event will be the first occultation of a planet by another since January 3, 1818. This event will be very difficult to observe from Earth's surface, because the elongation of Venus and Jupiter from the Sun on that date will be only 7 degrees.
 * 2066: Triple conjunction Jupiter-Uranus.
 * July 15, 2067: At 11:56 UTC, Mercury will occult Neptune. This rare event will be very difficult to observe from Earth's surface, because of the constant low elongation of Mercury from the Sun, and the magnitude of Neptune always under the limit of visibility with the naked eye.
 * Friday, November 10, 2084: Transit of Earth as seen from Mars, the first and the only one in this century.
 * November 7, 2085: Transit of Mercury.
 * 2100: Polaris appears furthest north. Polaris' maximum apparent declination (taking account of nutation and aberration) will be 0.4526° from the celestial north pole, on March 24, 2100.